Written in an easily accessible handbook format, this book provides an introduction to understanding the complex ecologically sensitive circumpolar boreal forest, and explains the philosophy, principles, scientific background, and technical process of ecosystem-based conservation planning (EBCP). The approach to EBCP described in the book uses boreal forest-based examples, but may be applied in planning the protections and use of the spectrum of terrestial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and in planning both rural and urban land use. Whether you are just beginning or have years of experience; whether you are a scientist, planner, activist, or concerned citizen, this book will provide you with a framework for the development of plans to take care of Earth and put meaning into the word sustainability.